(Baldan Bereeven Monastery, “Bereeven” is translated as “rice
boiling over”) Baldan Bereeven Monastery – the second largest Buddhist
institution in Mongolia -is situated in the front of Mountain Munkh-Ulziit in
Umnodelger soum of Khentii province in the eastern part of Mongolia, 300
kilometers far from Ulaanbaatar city. At the end of the 17th century, the Khan
of Mongolia invited Lama Tseweendorj to his court and asked him to build the
monastery Bereeven somewhere in the east.
While searching for a suitable place for the monastery, Lama
Tseweendorj arrived at a pleasant valley in the south of the Delgerkhaan
mountain range in which the Khentii Province is now. At the foot of Mountain
Munkh-Ulziit, he found a poor family's camp. Lama Tseweendorj met an old couple
named Baldan and Zepelmaa, who invited him into their home. As he entered the
old couple’s home, he was greeted with the auspicious sign of a pot of rice
boiling over on the fire. The Lama took some of the rice. He
immediately understood that the rice and the significant names of the old
couple were auspicious signs. He therefore selected this area as the place
where the monastery would be built. In addition to the rice, they noticed that
the mountains surrounding the valley in each of the four cardinal directions
resembled important Buddhist protector deities. The construction of Baldan
Bereeven began with the erection of a small yellow temple built with local
materials. A statue of the god Manzushir, carved from a huge stone by the Lama
Tseweendorj himself, was placed at the center of the temple. Construction
continued with four storied building of the main temple "Tsogchin Dugan"
and named “Bileg –Ulziit” near the first temple. The ground floor alone
contained 64 angular pillars and was accessed through three different gates
facing east, south, and west. Religious flags were hung at each corner and
the roof ridge was richly decorated with gold plated Buddhist symbols such as Soyombo,
Mirrors, Dug, Jantsan, Khorol, and the holy antelopes. The next building was
constructed the theological department which included sections for astrology,
philosophy, and medicine. The monastery soon became one of the most important
Buddhist centers in Mongolia, inhabited by 5000-6000 monks. It took nearly 76
years to complete the building construction, was started in 1700s and finished
around 1776. For centuries the Baldan Bereeven monastery was famous throughout
the "Ar Khalkh" region for its many scholars, lamas, artwork, and
cultural treasures. Behind the monastery special formation of rock which
is called womb symbolizing rebirth.
Between 1937 and 1939, religious persecution became common and a
political opposition began to form. Almost all monasteries, like Baldan
Bereeven, have been destroyed during that time. At Baldan Bereeven, "The
Yellow Temple," the entire surroundings were destroyed and only the ruins
of the buildings remained. For over
60 years it was forbidden to visit the monastery. In 1990s a democracy in Mongolia, a number
of monks reestablished some part of the monastery along with the locals. The surrounding rocks of the
monastery have been remained with its religious carvings which prove the history
of that time.